Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Antibiotik dan Faktor Sosiodemografi di Indonesia: Implikasi Terhadap Swamedikasi dan Resistensi Antimikroba
Keywords:
antibiotic knowledge, self-medication, antimicrobial resistance, sociodemographics, Indonesia
Abstract
Antibiotics are essential drugs for treating infectious diseases; however, limited public knowledge regarding their proper use contributes to self-medication practices and accelerates antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to assess the level of antibiotic knowledge among the Indonesian population and analyze its association with sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed through social media, involving 487 respondents from various regions of Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests with SPSS version 27. The results revealed that 63.45% of respondents had high knowledge of antibiotics, 24.85% had moderate knowledge, and 11.70% had low knowledge. Female participants were more likely to demonstrate higher knowledge compared with males (OR = 2.009; 95% CI: 1.336–3.021; p < 0.001), while respondents with a bachelor’s degree showed greater knowledge than those with lower education levels. Occupational and regional differences were observed but were not statistically significant. These findings indicate that although the majority of respondents possessed a good understanding of antibiotics, a considerable proportion still demonstrated poor knowledge, potentially increasing the risk of irrational use. Targeted educational interventions and stricter regulation of antibiotic distribution are essential strategies to enhance public literacy and reduce the threat of antimicrobial resistance in Indonesia.
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Mansour, O., & Al-Kayali, R. (2017). Community pharmacistsꞌ role in controlling bacterial antibiotic resistance in Aleppo, Syria. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR, 16(4), 1612.
Mboya, E. A., Sanga, L. A., & Ngocho, J. S. (2018). Irrational use of antibiotics in the Moshi Municipality Northern Tanzania: A cross sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal, 31(1).
Nababan, H. (2024). Digital health divide in Indonesia: Evidence from national-level data. European Journal of Public Health, 34(Supplement_3), ckae144-426.
Qalbi, S. T., & Herawati, E. (2024). Socio-Cultural Taboos And The Rise Of Digital Media Utilization As A Source Of Information On Sexuality By University Students. Sosiohumaniora, 26(2), 348–357.
Sabry, H. A., Ezzat, F. M., & Salem, M. R. (2023). Health information seeking patterns among medical and non-medical university students in Egypt. IJPHS., 12(3), 1004.
Sachdev, C., Anjankar, A., & Agrawal, J. (2022). Self-medication with antibiotics: An element increasing resistance. Cureus, 14(10).
Sugihantoro, H., Munawaroh, I., Inayatillah, F. R., & Indrawijaya, Y. Y. A. (2022). The level of community knowledge about the use of antibiotics. Media Farmasi, 20(01), 24–34.
Zhang, A., Hobman, E. V., De Barro, P., Young, A., Carter, D. J., & Byrne, M. (2021). Self-medication with antibiotics for protection against COVID-19: The role of psychological distress, knowledge of, and experiences with antibiotics. Antibiotics, 10(3), 232.
Akbar, Z., Alquwez, N., Alsolais, A., Thazha, S. K., Ahmad, M. D., & Cruz, J. P. (2021). Knowledge about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance among health-related students in a Saudi University. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 15(07), 925–933.
Alshakka, M., Hatem, N. A., Al-Abd, N., Badullah, W., Alawi, S., & Ibrahim, M. I. M. (2023). Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward antibiotic use among the general public in a resource-poor setting: A case of Aden-Yemen. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 17(3), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.17319
Al-Tarawneh, A., Ali, T., & Al-Taani, G. M. (2024). Public patterns and determinants of antibiotic Self-Medication and antibiotic knowledge in Southern Jordan. Antibiotics, 13(1), 98.
Arifin, B., Rokhman, M. R., Zulkarnain, Z., Perwitasari, D. A., Mangau, M., Rauf, S., … others. (2023). The knowledge mapping of HIV/AIDS in Indonesians living on six major islands using the Indonesian version of the HIV-KQ-18 instrument. PLoS One, 18(11), e0293876.
Aslam, A., Gajdács, M., Zin, C. S., Ab Rahman, N. S., Ahmed, S. I., Zafar, M. Z., & Jamshed, S. (2020). Evidence of the practice of self-medication with antibiotics among the lay public in low-and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Antibiotics, 9(9), 597.
Asyary, A., Veruswati, M., Alnur, R. D., Saktiansyah, L. O. A., Sagala, L. O. H. S., Saptaputra, S. K., … Moshammer, H. (2023). Determinants of COVID-19 knowledge, perception and attitudes in Indonesia: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3713.
Azzahra, F., Astuti, A. D., Arifin, B., & Alam, G. (2024). Scoping Review: Study of Herbs Consumption for Self-Medication in Indonesia 2019-2022. Majalah Obat Tradisional, 29(3), 302–326.
Battah, M., Halboup, A., Othman, G., Mansoure, A. A., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Ali, F., … Ibrahim, M. I. M. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotic use and its resistance among undergraduate students at the University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(11).
Darabi, F., Ziapour, A., & Ahmadinia, H. (2025). Digital health literacy and sociodemographic factors among students in western Iran: A cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education, 25(1), 206.
Do, N. T., Vu, H. T., Nguyen, C. T., Punpuing, S., Khan, W. A., Gyapong, M., … others. (2021). Community-based antibiotic access and use in six low-income and middle-income countries: A mixed-method approach. The Lancet Global Health, 9(5), e610–e619.
Gautron, J. M., Tu Thanh, G., Barasa, V., & Voltolina, G. (2023). Using intersectionality to study gender and antimicrobial resistance in low-and middle-income countries. Health Policy and Planning, 38(9), 1017–1032.
Hafez, H., Rakab, M. S., Elshehaby, A., Gebreel, A. I., Hany, M., BaniAmer, M., … others. (2024). Pharmacies and use of antibiotics: A cross sectional study in 19 Arab countries. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 13(1), 104.
Jamil, S., Hossain, M. J., Mohammad Ali, H., Akon, M. R., Asumah, M. N., Hasan, M., … others. (2025). Association of Knowledge and Attitude Toward Antibiotic Use and Resistance With Self-Medication Practice of Antibiotics Among Bangladeshi Private University Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Health Science Reports, 8(3), e70526.
Jones, N., Mitchell, J., Cooke, P., Baral, S., Arjyal, A., Shrestha, A., & King, R. (2022). Gender and antimicrobial resistance: What can we learn from applying a gendered lens to data analysis using a participatory arts case study? Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, 3, 745862.
Karuniawati, H., Hassali, M. A. A., Suryawati, S., Ismail, W. I., Taufik, T., & Hossain, M. S. (2021). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotic use among the population of Boyolali, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8258.
Kizito, M., Owachi, D., Lule, F., Jung, L., Bazanye, V., Mugerwa, I., … Kabugo, C. (2025). Antibiotic consumption and utilization at a large tertiary care level hospital in Uganda: A point prevalence survey. PloS One, 20(1), e0313587.
Kong, L. S., Islahudin, F., Muthupalaniappen, L., & Chong, W. W. (2021). Knowledge and expectations on antibiotic use among the general public in Malaysia: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Patient Preference and Adherence, 2405–2416.
Kristina, S. A., Wati, M. R., Prasetyo, S. D., & Fortwengel, G. (2020). Public knowledge and awareness towards antibiotics use in Yogyakarta: A cross sectional survey. Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia, 47(2), 173–180.
Kusuma, I. Y., Bahar, M. A., Nuari, D. A., Prabandari, R., Soeharto, S., Csupor, D., … Matuz, M. (2024). Antibiotic knowledge assessment questionnaire in undergraduate pharmacy students: A Rasch analysis of validity evidence. Pharmacy Education, 24(1), 54–78.
Lescure, D., Paget, J., Schellevis, F., & van Dijk, L. (2018). Determinants of Self-Medication With Antibiotics in European and Anglo-Saxon Countries: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 370. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00370
Mallah, N., Orsini, N., Figueiras, A., & Takkouche, B. (2022). Education level and misuse of antibiotics in the general population: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 11(1), 24.
Mansour, O., & Al-Kayali, R. (2017). Community pharmacistsꞌ role in controlling bacterial antibiotic resistance in Aleppo, Syria. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR, 16(4), 1612.
Mboya, E. A., Sanga, L. A., & Ngocho, J. S. (2018). Irrational use of antibiotics in the Moshi Municipality Northern Tanzania: A cross sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal, 31(1).
Nababan, H. (2024). Digital health divide in Indonesia: Evidence from national-level data. European Journal of Public Health, 34(Supplement_3), ckae144-426.
Qalbi, S. T., & Herawati, E. (2024). Socio-Cultural Taboos And The Rise Of Digital Media Utilization As A Source Of Information On Sexuality By University Students. Sosiohumaniora, 26(2), 348–357.
Sabry, H. A., Ezzat, F. M., & Salem, M. R. (2023). Health information seeking patterns among medical and non-medical university students in Egypt. IJPHS., 12(3), 1004.
Sachdev, C., Anjankar, A., & Agrawal, J. (2022). Self-medication with antibiotics: An element increasing resistance. Cureus, 14(10).
Sugihantoro, H., Munawaroh, I., Inayatillah, F. R., & Indrawijaya, Y. Y. A. (2022). The level of community knowledge about the use of antibiotics. Media Farmasi, 20(01), 24–34.
Zhang, A., Hobman, E. V., De Barro, P., Young, A., Carter, D. J., & Byrne, M. (2021). Self-medication with antibiotics for protection against COVID-19: The role of psychological distress, knowledge of, and experiences with antibiotics. Antibiotics, 10(3), 232.
Published
2025-11-25
How to Cite
Lauale, E., Kusuma, I., Mailatunnazza, N., Veronica, L., Putri, M., Hilmi, N., Amalia, N., & Izati, F. (2025, November 25). Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Antibiotik dan Faktor Sosiodemografi di Indonesia: Implikasi Terhadap Swamedikasi dan Resistensi Antimikroba. Seminar Nasional Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2025, 4(1), 54-60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35960/snppkm.v4i1.1360
Section
Penelitian
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
