Hubungan Persepsi Kerentanan, Persepsi Hambatan Dan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Kepatuhan Latihan Fisik Pada Lansia Hipertensi
Keywords:
Hypertension, Elderly, Physical exercise, Perceived vulnerability, Perceived barriers
Abstract
Hypertension, a chronic condition often experienced by the elderly and can cause serious complications if not managed properly. Physical exercise is an important non-pharmacological strategy to control blood pressure, however, the level of elderly compliance with exercise is still low. This study analyzed the relationship between perceived vulnerability and perceived barriers with physical exercise compliance in 108 elderly with hypertension in the Tugu Community Health Center (Puskesmas) work area, Depok. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that 55.6% of elderly had low compliance with physical exercise. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between compliance with perceived vulnerability (p=0.018; OR=2.77) and perceived barriers (p=0.004; OR=2.39). Multiple logistic regression confirmed that elderly with high perceived vulnerability were 3.12 times more adherent, while those with fewer perceived barriers were 3.05 times more adherent. The dominant factor was social support (OR=3.60). Perceived vulnerability and perceived barriers play an important role in physical exercise compliance in elderly with hypertension. Improving health education to raise risk awareness and reducing barriers through targeted interventions, family involvement, and community support are important strategies. These findings underscore the need to integrate psychosocial factors into geriatric community nursing to improve hypertension management in older adults.
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Putri, Berlian Maharani Febrina., Faqih, Moh. Ubaidillah. (2025). Hubungan antara Efikasi Diri dengan Manajemen Perawatan Diri pada Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal of Pubnursing Sciences, 2(1): 13-29.
Putri, Noor Rochmah Ida Ayu., Rekawati, Etty., & Wati, Dwi Nurviyandari Kusuma. (2019). Relationship of age, gender, hypertension history, and vulnerability perception with physical exercise compliance in elderly. Enfemeria Clinica, 29(2), 541–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.083
Ryczkowska, K., Adach, W., Janikowski, K., Banach, M., & Bielecka-Dabrowa, A. (2022). Menopause and women's cardiovascular health: is it really an obvious relationship?. Archives of medical science : AMS, 19(2), 458–466. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/157308
Saco-Ledo, G., Valenzuela, P. L., Ruiz-Hurtado, G., Ruilope, L. M., & Lucia, A. (2020). Exercise Reduces Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(24), e018487. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018487
Schlenk, E. A., Sereika, S. M., Martire, L. M., & Shi, X. (2021). Older adults' social network and support and its association with physical activity. Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.), 42(2), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.09.006
Shi, J., Tao, Y., Chen, S. et al. Interaction between hypertension and frailty and their impact on death risk in older adults: a follow-up study. BMC Geriatr 24, 187 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04793-w
Smith, G. S. E., Moyle, W., & Burton, N. W. (2023). The Relationship between Social Support for Physical Activity and Physical Activity across Nine Years in Adults Aged 60-65 Years at Baseline. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(5), 4531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054531
Steinhoff, P., Reiner, A. Physical activity and functional social support in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 24, 1355 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18863-6
Trisna, Ida Ayu Ratna., Duarsa, Dyah Pradnyaparamita., & Ani, Luh seri. (2024). Elderly perception of hypertension and its treatment in Gianyar District, Bali. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 12(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2024.v12.i1.p03
Vieira, Karoline., Coneglian, Juliana Cavestré and Barcelos, Guilherme Tadeu de , et al. Barriers to physical activity practice and associated factors in patients with hypertension. Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum.. 2024. Vol. 26. DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2024v26e87957
Baharvand, P., Malekshahi, F., & Babakhani, A. (2023). Perception of hypertension and adherence to hypertension treatment among patients attending a hospital in western Iran: A cross-sectional study. Health science reports, 6(8), e1501. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1501
Batlajery, Thersya Miranda., Soegijono, Simon Pieter. (2019). Persepsi Kesehatan dan Well-Being Penderita Hipertensi di Desa Ritabel. Insight Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologis, 15(1): 39-59
Fryar, C. D., Kit, B., Carroll, M. D., & Afful, J. (2024). Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among Adults Age 18 and Older: United States, August 2021-August 2023. NCHS data brief, (511), CS354233.
Gibbs, Bethany Baron., Hivert, M. F., Jerome, G. J., Kraus, W. E., Rosenkranz, S. K., Schorr, E. N., Spartano, N. L., Lobelo, F., & American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology (2021). Physical Activity as a Critical Component of First-Line Treatment for Elevated Blood Pressure or Cholesterol: Who, What, and How?: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 78(2), e26–e37. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000196
Hardy, Shakia T ., Byron C Jaeger, Kathryn Foti, Lama Ghazi, Gregory Wozniak, Paul Muntner, Trends in Blood Pressure Control among US Adults With Hypertension, 2013–2014 to 2021–2023, American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 38, Issue 2, February 2025, Pages 120–128, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpae141
Herzog, M. J., Müller, P., Lechner, K., Stiebler, M., Arndt, P., Kunz, M., Ahrens, D., Schmeißer, A., Schreiber, S., & Braun-Dullaeus, R. C. (2025). Arterial stiffness and vascular aging: mechanisms, prevention, and therapy. Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 10(1), 282. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02346-0
https://doi.org/10.69606/jps.v3i01.206
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. 2019b. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Indonesia: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://www.litbang.kemkes.go.id/laporan-risetkesehatan-dasar-riskesdas/
Khasanah, U., Kelliat, B. A., Afiyanti, Y., Besral, B., & Sari, D. W. (2024). The Problems and Needs of Self-Management Among Indonesian Older Adults With Hypertension: A Qualitative Study. SAGE open nursing, 10, 23779608241282915. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608241282915
Lee, G.-Y., Kim, K.-O., Ryu, J.-H., Park, S.-H., Chung, H.-R., & Butler, M. (2022). Exploring Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity in Korean Older Patients with Hypertension: Photovoice Inquiry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114020
Lieber, S.B., Moxley, J., Mandl, L.A. et al. Social support and physical activity: does general health matter?. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 21, 16 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-024-00347-6
Lin, Y., La, C., Luo, Q., & Zhang, P. (2025). Relationship between community physical activity levels, social capital, intergenerational support, and subjective well-being among older adults in China: a moderated mediation model. Frontiers in public health, 13, 1520565. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1520565
Mani A. (2024). Update in genetic and epigenetic causes of hypertension. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 81(1), 201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-024-05220-4
Martín-Fernández, J., Alonso-Safont, T., Polentinos-Castro, E. et al. Impact of hypertension diagnosis on morbidity and mortality: a retrospective cohort study in primary care. BMC Prim. Care 24, 79 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-023-02036-2
Parandiyal, N., Chutia, P., Sinha, S. S., Pandit, P., Majrashi, N. A., Qureshi, N., & Tripathi, S. M. (2024). Characteristics of hypertension and its impact on cognitive functions in older adults: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in dementia, 3, 1486147. https://doi.org/10.3389/frdem.2024.1486147
Putri, Berlian Maharani Febrina., Faqih, Moh. Ubaidillah. (2025). Hubungan antara Efikasi Diri dengan Manajemen Perawatan Diri pada Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal of Pubnursing Sciences, 2(1): 13-29.
Putri, Noor Rochmah Ida Ayu., Rekawati, Etty., & Wati, Dwi Nurviyandari Kusuma. (2019). Relationship of age, gender, hypertension history, and vulnerability perception with physical exercise compliance in elderly. Enfemeria Clinica, 29(2), 541–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.083
Ryczkowska, K., Adach, W., Janikowski, K., Banach, M., & Bielecka-Dabrowa, A. (2022). Menopause and women's cardiovascular health: is it really an obvious relationship?. Archives of medical science : AMS, 19(2), 458–466. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/157308
Saco-Ledo, G., Valenzuela, P. L., Ruiz-Hurtado, G., Ruilope, L. M., & Lucia, A. (2020). Exercise Reduces Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(24), e018487. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018487
Schlenk, E. A., Sereika, S. M., Martire, L. M., & Shi, X. (2021). Older adults' social network and support and its association with physical activity. Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.), 42(2), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.09.006
Shi, J., Tao, Y., Chen, S. et al. Interaction between hypertension and frailty and their impact on death risk in older adults: a follow-up study. BMC Geriatr 24, 187 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04793-w
Smith, G. S. E., Moyle, W., & Burton, N. W. (2023). The Relationship between Social Support for Physical Activity and Physical Activity across Nine Years in Adults Aged 60-65 Years at Baseline. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(5), 4531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054531
Steinhoff, P., Reiner, A. Physical activity and functional social support in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 24, 1355 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18863-6
Trisna, Ida Ayu Ratna., Duarsa, Dyah Pradnyaparamita., & Ani, Luh seri. (2024). Elderly perception of hypertension and its treatment in Gianyar District, Bali. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 12(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2024.v12.i1.p03
Vieira, Karoline., Coneglian, Juliana Cavestré and Barcelos, Guilherme Tadeu de , et al. Barriers to physical activity practice and associated factors in patients with hypertension. Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum.. 2024. Vol. 26. DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2024v26e87957
Published
2025-12-03
How to Cite
Trisno Putri, N. R., Rekawati, E., & Wati, D. (2025, December 3). Hubungan Persepsi Kerentanan, Persepsi Hambatan Dan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Kepatuhan Latihan Fisik Pada Lansia Hipertensi. Seminar Nasional Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2025, 4(1), 165-170. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35960/snppkm.v4i1.1378
Section
Penelitian
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