Perkembangan Teleanestesi dan Pemantauan Jarak Jauh dalam Praktik Keperawatan Anestesi: Sebuah Kajian Literatur
Keywords:
Teleanestesi, Pemantauan Jarak Jauh, Telemedicine, Kecerdasan Buatan, Monitoring Pasien
Abstract
Teleanestesi dan pemantauan jarak jauh merupakan inovasi penting dalam praktik keperawatan anestesi yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan akses layanan, efisiensi, dan keselamatan pasien, termasuk di wilayah terpencil. Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan, perangkat wearable, dan sistem komunikasi digital telah mempercepat integrasi teknologi ini dalam pelayanan perioperatif. Kajian ini bertujuan memetakan perkembangan teleanestesi dan pemantauan jarak jauh dalam praktik keperawatan anestesi, dengan menyoroti aspek teknologi, aplikasi klinis, manfaat, serta tantangan implementasi. Pendekatan scoping review digunakan dengan penelusuran literatur pada database Scopus. Seleksi artikel dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Sebanyak 13 artikel terpilih dianalisis secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola temuan utama. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa teleanestesi meningkatkan akses layanan, mendukung efisiensi biaya, serta memperkuat keselamatan pasien melalui pemantauan real-time dan deteksi dini komplikasi. Integrasi kecerdasan buatan meningkatkan akurasi pengambilan keputusan klinis. Tantangan yang diidentifikasi meliputi keamanan data, keandalan perangkat, interoperabilitas sistem, dan kebutuhan pelatihan berkelanjutan bagi perawat anestesi. Implementasi yang optimal memerlukan standarisasi protokol, penguatan kompetensi profesional, dan kolaborasi multidisiplin. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi luaran klinis jangka panjang dan efektivitas biaya.
References
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Bridges, K. H., & McSwain, J. R. (2021). Telemedicine for Anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology Clinics, 39(3), 583–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anclin.2021.04.006
Chukwudi, C., Singh, R., Vinholo, T. F., Grobman, B., Udeh, P., Sabe, A., Shin, B., D’Alessandro, D. A., Sundt, T. M., & Osho, A. A. (2025). Surgical outcomes following telehealth preoperative evaluation in elective cardiac surgery. JTCVS Open, 26, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjon.2025.06.010
Clement David-Olawade, A., Olawade, D. B., Ojo, I. O., Famujimi, M. E., Olawumi, T. T., & Esan, D. T. (2024). Nursing in the Digital Age: Harnessing telemedicine for enhanced patient care. Informatics and Health, 1(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoh.2024.07.003
Feinstein, M., Katz, D., Demaria, S., & Hofer, I. S. (2024). Remote Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence: Outlook for 2050. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 138(2), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000006712
Gartz, J., & O’Rourke, J. (2021). Telehealth educational interventions in nurse practitioner education: An integrative literature review. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 33(11), 872–878. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000488
Giri, R., Firdhos, S. H., & Vida, T. A. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesia: Enhancing Precision, Safety, and Global Access Through Data-Driven Systems. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(19), 6900. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14196900
Granath, A., Torp Løkkeberg, S. E., Kauppi, W., Andersen, F., Sandsjö, L., & Eriksson, E. (2025). Remotely Monitored Patients’ Experiences of the Interpersonal Patient–Nurse Relationship: A Scoping Review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.70166
Grasso, S. V., & Gumbs, A. A. (2024). Limitations and Opportunities of Telemedicine. In Artificial Intelligence and the Perspective of Autonomous Surgery (pp. 165–174). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68574-3_13
Gupta, B., Sahay, N., Vinod, K., Sandhu, K., Basireddy, H. R., & Mudiganti, R. K. R. (2023). Recent advances in system management, decision support systems, artificial intelligence and computing in anaesthesia. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 67(1), 146–151. https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_974_22
Ha, U., Lee, J., Kim, M., Roh, T., Choi, S., & Yoo, H.-J. (2018). An EEG-NIRS Multimodal SoC for Accurate Anesthesia Depth Monitoring. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 53(6), 1830–1843. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2018.2810213
Ha, U., Lee, J., Lee, J., Kim, K., Kim, M., Roh, T., Choi, S., & Yoo, H.-J. (2017). 27.2 A 25.2mW EEG-NIRS multimodal SoC for accurate anesthesia depth monitoring. 2017 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 450–451. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCC.2017.7870455
Huang-Ku, E., Muenkaew, P., Chavarina, K. K., Tun, Y. M., Win, Z. N., Isaranuwatchai, W., Dabak, S. V., & Howard, N. (2025). Telemedicine Public Reimbursement Models for National and Subnational Jurisdictions: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e75478–e75478. https://doi.org/10.2196/75478
Kalata, S., Eton, R., Schoel, L., Reddy, R. M., Lin, J., Lynch, W. R., Chang, A. C., & Lagisetty, K. H. (2024). Evaluating Safety of Telehealth for Initial Surgical Evaluation of General Thoracic Patients. Annals of Thoracic Surgery Short Reports, 2(2), 315–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atssr.2024.01.005
Li, R., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Bai, W., Du, Y., Sun, R., Tang, J., Wang, N., & Liu, H. (2022). Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of traditional and telemedicine combined population-based age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy screening in rural and urban China. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 23, 100435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100435
Macieira, T. G. R., Cho, H., Bjarnadottir, R. I., & Pruinelli, L. (2026). Emerging Technological Innovations in Perioperative Nursing. AORN Journal, 123(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/aorn.70002
Malik, T., Ong, S. C., & Butt, M. D. (2025). Enhancing healthcare access through telehealth: patient-centred insights from Pakistan’s primary care sector. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 1597. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13820-4
McGillion, M. H., Duceppe, E., Allan, K., Marcucci, M., Yang, S., Johnson, A. P., Ross-Howe, S., Peter, E., Scott, T., Ouellette, C., Henry, S., Le Manach, Y., Paré, G., Downey, B., Carroll, S. L., Mills, J., Turner, A., Clyne, W., Dvirnik, N., … Devereaux, P. J. (2018). Postoperative Remote Automated Monitoring: Need for and State of the Science. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(7), 850–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2018.04.021
Mentis, H. M., Avellino, I., & Seo, J. (2022). AR HMD for Remote Instruction in Healthcare. 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), 437–440. https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW55335.2022.00096
Mercedes Rodríguez Morales, M., & Ignacio Valle Racero, J. (2015). Nursing consultation for remote monitoring of patients with implantable cardiac devices. In Trabajo de revisión (Vol. 23). www.medigraphic.org.mx
Pann, K. J., Buchner, V.-K., Eßl-Maurer, R., Bacher, T., Glarcher, M., & Ewers, A. (2025). International competencies of nurses with advanced practice in anesthesia nursing: An integrative review. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 8, 100319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100319
Safavi, K. C., Driscoll, W., & Wiener-Kronish, J. P. (2019). Remote Surveillance Technologies: Realizing the Aim of Right Patient, Right Data, Right Time. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 129(3), 726–734. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000003948
Santos, R., Ribeiro, B., Sousa, I., Santos, J., Guede-Fernández, F., Dias, P., Carreiro, A. V., Gamboa, H., Coelho, P., Fragata, J., & Londral, A. (2024). Predicting post-discharge complications in cardiothoracic surgery: A clinical decision support system to optimize remote patient monitoring resources. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 182, 105307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105307
Singhal, V., R., S., Singhal, S., Tiwari, A., & Mangal, D. (2025). Healthcare and cutting-edge technology: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 196, 110861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110861
Sokolovich Natasa. (2017). Legal and Regulatory Considerations to Expanding Telemedicine Services Across International Borders. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-728-3-59
Kornnika Yangan, Pongsagon Vichitvejpaisal, Napichayakarn Phanthananphokhin, Chanitda Pantabtim, & Phongthara Vichitvejpaisal. (2024). Teleanesthesia: The Possibilities in Clinical Practice. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 107(2), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.35755/jmedassocthai.2024.2.13939
Topal Hançer, A., & Demir, P. (2023). Postoperative Telenursing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Improving Patient Outcomes. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 38(4), 622–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2022.11.011
Tsou, C., Robinson, S., Boyd, J., Jamieson, A., Blakeman, R., Bosich, K., Yeung, J., Waters, S., & Hendrie, D. (2020). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telehealth in rural and remote emergency departments: a systematic review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 9(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01349-y
Vianna, P. T. G. (2001). Monitor de profundidade da hipnose. A eletroencefalografia bispectral. Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 51(5), 418–425. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942001000500008
Ye, J., & Bronstein, S. (2025). Artificial intelligence and digital health in Anesthesiology. In The Digital Doctor (pp. 291–307). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-15728-8.00008-2
Zubrinic, M., Vrbanic, L., & Keshavjee, S. (2023). Remote telemonitoring is associated with improved patient safety and decreased workload of nurses. JTCVS Open, 16, 493–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjon.2023.09.014
Berg, K. (2021). Telehealth in Anesthesia, an Update. In Anaesthesia for Uncommon and Emerging Procedures (pp. 73–80). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64739-1_9
Bhandari, A., Baalann, K. P., V S, A. C., Kathirvel, M., Chakraborty, T., Vasanthi, R. K., Kavitha Ganesh, Prasanna, P. M., & Parthasarathy, S. (2025). AI innovations in anaesthesia: A systematic review of clinical application. Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia, 12(2), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2025.032
Bridges, K. H., & McSwain, J. R. (2021). Telemedicine for Anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology Clinics, 39(3), 583–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anclin.2021.04.006
Chukwudi, C., Singh, R., Vinholo, T. F., Grobman, B., Udeh, P., Sabe, A., Shin, B., D’Alessandro, D. A., Sundt, T. M., & Osho, A. A. (2025). Surgical outcomes following telehealth preoperative evaluation in elective cardiac surgery. JTCVS Open, 26, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjon.2025.06.010
Clement David-Olawade, A., Olawade, D. B., Ojo, I. O., Famujimi, M. E., Olawumi, T. T., & Esan, D. T. (2024). Nursing in the Digital Age: Harnessing telemedicine for enhanced patient care. Informatics and Health, 1(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoh.2024.07.003
Feinstein, M., Katz, D., Demaria, S., & Hofer, I. S. (2024). Remote Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence: Outlook for 2050. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 138(2), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000006712
Gartz, J., & O’Rourke, J. (2021). Telehealth educational interventions in nurse practitioner education: An integrative literature review. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 33(11), 872–878. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000488
Giri, R., Firdhos, S. H., & Vida, T. A. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesia: Enhancing Precision, Safety, and Global Access Through Data-Driven Systems. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(19), 6900. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14196900
Granath, A., Torp Løkkeberg, S. E., Kauppi, W., Andersen, F., Sandsjö, L., & Eriksson, E. (2025). Remotely Monitored Patients’ Experiences of the Interpersonal Patient–Nurse Relationship: A Scoping Review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.70166
Grasso, S. V., & Gumbs, A. A. (2024). Limitations and Opportunities of Telemedicine. In Artificial Intelligence and the Perspective of Autonomous Surgery (pp. 165–174). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68574-3_13
Gupta, B., Sahay, N., Vinod, K., Sandhu, K., Basireddy, H. R., & Mudiganti, R. K. R. (2023). Recent advances in system management, decision support systems, artificial intelligence and computing in anaesthesia. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 67(1), 146–151. https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_974_22
Ha, U., Lee, J., Kim, M., Roh, T., Choi, S., & Yoo, H.-J. (2018). An EEG-NIRS Multimodal SoC for Accurate Anesthesia Depth Monitoring. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 53(6), 1830–1843. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2018.2810213
Ha, U., Lee, J., Lee, J., Kim, K., Kim, M., Roh, T., Choi, S., & Yoo, H.-J. (2017). 27.2 A 25.2mW EEG-NIRS multimodal SoC for accurate anesthesia depth monitoring. 2017 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 450–451. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCC.2017.7870455
Huang-Ku, E., Muenkaew, P., Chavarina, K. K., Tun, Y. M., Win, Z. N., Isaranuwatchai, W., Dabak, S. V., & Howard, N. (2025). Telemedicine Public Reimbursement Models for National and Subnational Jurisdictions: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e75478–e75478. https://doi.org/10.2196/75478
Kalata, S., Eton, R., Schoel, L., Reddy, R. M., Lin, J., Lynch, W. R., Chang, A. C., & Lagisetty, K. H. (2024). Evaluating Safety of Telehealth for Initial Surgical Evaluation of General Thoracic Patients. Annals of Thoracic Surgery Short Reports, 2(2), 315–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atssr.2024.01.005
Li, R., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Bai, W., Du, Y., Sun, R., Tang, J., Wang, N., & Liu, H. (2022). Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of traditional and telemedicine combined population-based age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy screening in rural and urban China. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 23, 100435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100435
Macieira, T. G. R., Cho, H., Bjarnadottir, R. I., & Pruinelli, L. (2026). Emerging Technological Innovations in Perioperative Nursing. AORN Journal, 123(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/aorn.70002
Malik, T., Ong, S. C., & Butt, M. D. (2025). Enhancing healthcare access through telehealth: patient-centred insights from Pakistan’s primary care sector. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 1597. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13820-4
McGillion, M. H., Duceppe, E., Allan, K., Marcucci, M., Yang, S., Johnson, A. P., Ross-Howe, S., Peter, E., Scott, T., Ouellette, C., Henry, S., Le Manach, Y., Paré, G., Downey, B., Carroll, S. L., Mills, J., Turner, A., Clyne, W., Dvirnik, N., … Devereaux, P. J. (2018). Postoperative Remote Automated Monitoring: Need for and State of the Science. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(7), 850–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2018.04.021
Mentis, H. M., Avellino, I., & Seo, J. (2022). AR HMD for Remote Instruction in Healthcare. 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), 437–440. https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW55335.2022.00096
Mercedes Rodríguez Morales, M., & Ignacio Valle Racero, J. (2015). Nursing consultation for remote monitoring of patients with implantable cardiac devices. In Trabajo de revisión (Vol. 23). www.medigraphic.org.mx
Pann, K. J., Buchner, V.-K., Eßl-Maurer, R., Bacher, T., Glarcher, M., & Ewers, A. (2025). International competencies of nurses with advanced practice in anesthesia nursing: An integrative review. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 8, 100319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100319
Safavi, K. C., Driscoll, W., & Wiener-Kronish, J. P. (2019). Remote Surveillance Technologies: Realizing the Aim of Right Patient, Right Data, Right Time. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 129(3), 726–734. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000003948
Santos, R., Ribeiro, B., Sousa, I., Santos, J., Guede-Fernández, F., Dias, P., Carreiro, A. V., Gamboa, H., Coelho, P., Fragata, J., & Londral, A. (2024). Predicting post-discharge complications in cardiothoracic surgery: A clinical decision support system to optimize remote patient monitoring resources. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 182, 105307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105307
Singhal, V., R., S., Singhal, S., Tiwari, A., & Mangal, D. (2025). Healthcare and cutting-edge technology: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 196, 110861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110861
Sokolovich Natasa. (2017). Legal and Regulatory Considerations to Expanding Telemedicine Services Across International Borders. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-728-3-59
Kornnika Yangan, Pongsagon Vichitvejpaisal, Napichayakarn Phanthananphokhin, Chanitda Pantabtim, & Phongthara Vichitvejpaisal. (2024). Teleanesthesia: The Possibilities in Clinical Practice. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 107(2), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.35755/jmedassocthai.2024.2.13939
Topal Hançer, A., & Demir, P. (2023). Postoperative Telenursing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Improving Patient Outcomes. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 38(4), 622–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2022.11.011
Tsou, C., Robinson, S., Boyd, J., Jamieson, A., Blakeman, R., Bosich, K., Yeung, J., Waters, S., & Hendrie, D. (2020). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telehealth in rural and remote emergency departments: a systematic review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 9(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01349-y
Vianna, P. T. G. (2001). Monitor de profundidade da hipnose. A eletroencefalografia bispectral. Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 51(5), 418–425. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942001000500008
Ye, J., & Bronstein, S. (2025). Artificial intelligence and digital health in Anesthesiology. In The Digital Doctor (pp. 291–307). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-15728-8.00008-2
Zubrinic, M., Vrbanic, L., & Keshavjee, S. (2023). Remote telemonitoring is associated with improved patient safety and decreased workload of nurses. JTCVS Open, 16, 493–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjon.2023.09.014
Published
2025-12-19
How to Cite
Aryadi, M., & Wijayanti, I. (2025, December 19). Perkembangan Teleanestesi dan Pemantauan Jarak Jauh dalam Praktik Keperawatan Anestesi: Sebuah Kajian Literatur. Seminar Nasional Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2025, 4(1), 289-296. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35960/snppkm.v4i1.1424
Section
Penelitian
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